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by our artillery fire, which also dispersed working-party on parapet damaged by our artillery. At 3:30 Le Rossignol was shelled + they retaliated to our bombardment of La Petite Douve. A M.G. was turned on the Chateau 6-7pm, making 4 traverses. German M.G Emplacements – Enemy conceals some of his emplacements by hanging a curtain of earth-coloured cloth 5x2 over the loopholes at ground level which are therefore hidden by the wire entanglement. These emplacements have usually a good thickness of earth overhead – altho not conspicuous this is readily noticeable. Bearings of MG flashes are useful too, altho not fired from the actual emplacement. Documents taken from a German prisoner show that all boys of 16 years of age have to join the Jugendwehr for preliminary training. According to an official notice leave of absence was suspended for German Troops from Oct. 9th till further notice.

BC Archives MS-0392 Box 1 Volume 4 / FRANK SWANNELL PAPERS / Diary and enclosures, 1915